ARAB POEM, DUALITY OF NORM AND DEVIATION, SHARJAH/UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE AND INFORMATION, 2012

This book deals with stylistic dualism: standard and displacement in Arabic poetry. By this we mean that there is a standard that always governs poetry, which may be grammar, linguistic usage, or rhythm, but the poet is deviant by nature, and he tends to deviate from these generally accepted standards. This is confirmed by the history of world poetry in general and Arab poetry in particular. Significant changes occurred in the development of Arabic poetry, with various poetic styles emerging, such as "muwashshahat", free poetry, prose poems, and others. The researcher Tijani Boualawali tries to study this literary phenomenon in this critical work, which is divided into three parts.

The first part is entitled: Poetry and the Standard. It contains three chapters on the term standard and some of its interpretations, such as technical, ideological, and human, and then the diversity that governs the types of standard such as linguistic use, grammar, context and method. The second part is devoted to the issue of displacement, and it also consists of three chapters on the term displacement and its relationship to style in contemporary criticism, then John Cohen's poetic theory, which represents the most important example of displacement theory. Then, in the end, the various manifestations of poetic deviation in the Arab critical heritage, such as in Al-Jurjani and Abu Hazim Al-Qartajnni.

The researcher devoted the third part to analyzing a number of poetic texts in three chapters. The first is about the major transformations that the Arabic poem has known throughout the ages. The second is about the levels of displacement in Arabic poetry: semantics, structure, and rhythm. The third chapter deals with the manifestations of displacement, especially through metaphor, contrast and intertextuality.